Abstract
This study analysed the chemical properties of surface and sub-surface soils in Mubi South Local Government Area (LGA), Adamawa State, Nigeria, and its implications for soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Soil samples were collected from ten locations at two depths (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm) and analyzed for pH, organic carbon (Org.C), organic matter (Org.M), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (Av.P), and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K). Mean and standard deviation as revealed by findings showed that surface soils had higher organic carbon (mean = 1.18%) and organic matter (mean = 2.03%) compared to subsurface soils (Org.C mean = 1.03%; Org.M mean = 1.78%). Total nitrogen and available phosphorus levels were generally low, with TN ranging from 0.08% to 0.42% and Av.P between 6.49 mg/kg and 12.13 mg/kg, indicating potential nutrient limitations. Calcium and magnesium levels were relatively high in subsurface soils, particularly at Fubere (Ca = 11.02 cmol/kg, Mg = 2.28 cmol/kg), enhancing soil structure and fertility. The study recommends adopting integrated soil fertility management strategies, including organic amendments and crop rotation, to improve soil health and enhance agricultural productivity in Mubi South LGA. These findings provide critical insights for sustainable agricultural practices in the region.